വിവേചനാധികാരമല്ല - വിധേയത്വം.

1964 se kn ]n sF (Fw) ]cn-]mSn ]d-bp-¶p. ]mÀe-saâdn kwhn-[m-\-¯n\pw P\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n\pw shÃp-hnfn sXmgn-em-fn-hÀK-¯n \n¶Ã. Nqj-I-hÀK-¯nÂ\n-¶p-am-Wv. P\-§Ä P\m-[n-]-Xy-kw-hn-[m-\s¯ Ah-cpsS Bhiy§Ä¡mbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ XpS-§p-Ibpw h³InS _qÀjzm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw  `q{]-`p-¡-fp-sSbpw kzm[o-\-¯n \n¶pw AhÀ \o§n-Xp-S-§p-Ibpw sN¿p-t¼mÄ, Cu hÀKw P\m-[n-]-Xy-hy-hØbpsS ASn-th-cp-d-¡m³ {ian¡pw''

P\m-[n-]-Xy-hy-h-Ø-bpsS ASn-th-c-dp-¡m-\p-X-Ip¶ aqÀ¨-bpÅ Bbp-[-ambn KhÀWÀ]-Zhn amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. 1959 se tIc-f-¯nse A\p-`-h-§-fmWv kn ]n Fw s\ C§-s\-sbmcp \nco-£-W-¯n-se-¯n-¨sX¦n AXn-\p-ti-j-apÅ A\p-`-h-§Ä Cu A`n-{]m-bs¯ icn-h-bv¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p.

P\m-[n-]-Xy-I-£n-IÄ F¶-taÂhn-emkw t]dp-¶-h-cpw, P\m-[n-]-Xys¯ apdpsI ]nSn-¡p-¶hsc¶v Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp-¶-h-cp-amb he-Xp-]£ cmjv{Sob ]mÀ«n-IÄ¡v  P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m-\-¯nsâ ASn-th-c-dp-¡m³ Hcn-¡epw aSn-bp-­m-bn-«n-Ã. B`y-´c ASn-b-´n-cm-hØ {]Jym-]n¨ tIm¬{K-kv, KhÀWÀam-cn-eqsS `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-L-S-I§fn-sem-¶mb s^U-d-en-ks¯ XIÀ¡p¶-Xn-\pÅ D]-I-c-W-§-fmbnamdn. ASn-b-´n-cm-hØ ]ucm-h-Im-i-§sf t\cn«p l\n-¨p-sh-¦n KhÀWÀam-cpsS hnth-N-\m-[n-Im-c-¯n-eqsS kwØm-\-§-fnse kÀ¡m-cp-I-fpsS P\m-[n-]-Xym-h-Im-i-§-tfbpw `c-W-L-S-\m  \evIp¶ A[n-Im-c-t¯bpw \ntj-[n-¡p-¶p. Cu hkvXp-Xsb   IqSp-X HmÀ½n-¸n-¡p-¶Xpw Ac-¡n-«p-d-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-amWv Ct¸m-gs¯  tIcfmKhÀWÀ BÀ Fkv Khm-bpsS Xocp-am-\w.

kn _n sF X§-fpsS cmjv{Sob bP-am-\-·msc Xr]vXn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-th-­n-bn-«mWv emhven³ tIknsâ At\z-jWw \S-¯n-b-sX¶v Hmtcm Znhkw Ign-bpw-tXmdpw hyà-am-bn-h-cp¶p. [\-Im-cy-{]n³kn-¸nÄ sk{I-«-dn-bm-bn-cp¶ hc-Zm-Nm-cn-bpsS If-hp-samgn IÅ-km-£n-I-fpsS ]n´p-W-tbmsS tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bXv ]pd-¯p-h-¶p. emhven³ Icm-dnsâ  DÛhw sshZyp-Xn-h-Ip-¸p-a-{´n-bm-bn-cp¶ ImÀ¯n-tI-b-\nÂ\n-¶mWv F¶ hkvXp-Xbpw kn _n sF \nÊm-c-ambn ad-¨p-h¨p. Hcp `c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-amb \nb-tam-]-tZ-iI Øm]-\-amb AUz-t¡ävP\-d Cu hkvXpX Nq­n-¡m-Wn-¨mWv s{]mkn-Iyq-j³ A\p-aXn \evtI-­-Xn-Ãm-sb¶v kÀ¡m-cn\v \nb-tam-]-tZiw  \evIn-b-Xv. Cu \nb-tam-]-tZ-is¯ XpSÀ¶mWv a{´n-k` s{]mkn-Iyq-j³ A\p-aXn \evtI-­-Xn-söv Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-¯-Xv. Ct¸mÄ kn _n sF {]tXy-I-tIm-SXn ImÀ¯n-tI-bsâ ]¦m-fn-¯s¯ kw_-Ôn¨v ]p\-c-t\z-jWw \S-¯-W-sa¶v \nÀt±-in-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. AUz-t¡ävP\-depw a{´n-k-`bpw \nco-£n-¨Xv icn-bm-sW-¶p-h-cp-¶p, KhÀW-dp-tSXv ap³hn-[n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp-ÅXpw  _mly-i-àn-I-fpsS BÚm\p-k-c-W-am-sW¶pw. 

2003  F³ Un F kÀ¡m-À A[n-Im-c-sam-gnªv bp ]n F kÀ¡mÀ A[n-Im-c-ta-dn-b-t¸mÄ lcym-\-bnse _m_p-]-c-am-\-µv, tKmh-bn ImZÀ \mYv kmÓn, KpP-dm-¯n ssIemSv ]Xn-an{X D¯À{]-tZ-in hnjvWp-Im-´vimkv{Xn F¶n-hsc ]pd-¯m-¡n. B hnhmZw Ac-§p-X-IÀ¯-t¸mÄ inh-cmPv ]m«o Xpd-¶p-]-dªp "{]kvXpX KhÀWÀamÀ Bi-b-]-c-ambn R§-tfmSv tbmPn-¸n-Ãm-¯-h-cm-b-Xp-sIm-­mWv amän-b-sX-¶v'þ At±-l-¯nsâ kXy-k-ÔX tIm¬{K-knsâ P\m-[n-]-Xy-hn-cp-²-Xsb {]Im-in-¸n-¡p-¶p. 1967 G{]n 1 apX HIvtSm-_À 1986 hscbpÅ Ime-L-«-¯n \nb-an-¡-s¸« 88 KhÀWÀam-cn 18 t]À¡mWv Imem-h[n ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡m-\p-Å-Xv.

tIcf¯nse KhÀW-dpsS t{]mknIyqj³ A\p-hmZw hnhm-Z-amb ]Ým-¯-e-¯n ]ecpw \nkm-c-ambn ImWp-Itbm Ah-K-Wn-¡p-Itbm sNbvX Hcp ap¶-dn-bn¸p­v. Kh¬saâv KhÀWÀ¡v  apIfnem-sW¶v [cn-¡-cpXv F¶-Xm-W-Xv. sI ]n kn kn {]kn-Uâv ctaiv sN¶n¯-e-bpsS hIbmWnXv. B`y-´-c-a{´n tImSn-tbcn _me-Ir-jvW³ Xm³IqSn AwK-amb a{´n-k` FSp¯ Xocp-am-\-t¯mSv KhÀWÀ kzoI-cn¨ \ne-]m-Sn-t\mSv {]Xn-I-cn-¨-Xn-s\-¯p-SÀ¶mWv Cu {]kvXm-h\ ]nd-¶-Xv. ctaiv sN¶n-¯-e-bpsS {]kvXm-h-\-sb-¶-Xp-sIm-­m-hWw henb Ne\w  krjvSn- ¡msX t]mb-Xv. F¶m cmPy-`-cWw \S-¯p¶ ]mÀ«n-bpsS kwØm-\-X-e-h³ F¶ \ne-bn {]I-Sn-¸n¨ A`n-{]mbw  KhÀWÀØm\w kw_-Ôn¨ tIm¬{K-knsâ cmjv{So-b-¡m-gvN-¸m-Snsâ XpSÀ¨-bm-Wv. sXc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸« kÀ¡m-cn-\pw-ap-I-fn-emWv \ma-\nÀt±iw sN¿-s¸« KhÀWÀ F¶-Im-gvN-¸mSv  sIm«n-tLm-jn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ P\m-[n-]-Xy-t{]-a-¯nsâ s]mÅ-¯cw Xpd-¶p-Im-«p-¶-Xm-Wv.

1967 se \memw ]mÀe-saâv sXc-sª-Sp¸phsc KhÀWÀ]-Zhn D]-tbm-Kn-¨p-Å cmjv{So-b-¡fn tIc-f-sam-gn-sI-bpÅ C´y³ cmjv{So-b-¯n\v A]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-¶p. ImcWw tI{µ-¯nepw kwØm-\-§-fnepw tIm¬{Kkv Xs¶-bm-bn-cp¶p A[n-Im-c-¯nÂ. ]Ýn-a-_w-Kmfpw tIc-f-hp-apÄs¸sS 8 kwØm-\-§-fn hncp-²-a-t\m-`m-h-apÅ Kh¬saâp-IÄ A[n-Im-c-¯n h¶-t¸m-gmWv KhÀWÀ ]Z-hnsb sImSp-hm-fmbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ tIm¬{Kkv ]mÀ«n X¿m-dm-b-Xv. Iq«p-I£n Kh¬saâp-I-fpsS kl-P-amb AØn-c-Xbpw Akz-Ø-X-Ifpw KhÀWÀam-cpsS CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ¡v hgn-a-cp-¶m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. hnhn[ kwØm-\-§-fnse A\n-Ýn-X-Xz-¯nsâ ad-hn tIm¬{Kkv KhÀWÀamsc hnZ-Kv[-ambn hn\y-kn-¡s¸Sp¶ NXp-cw-K-I-cp-¡-fm¡n amän.

]Ýn-a-_w-Km-fn 1967  AtPmbv apJÀPn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯n-ep-Å Iq«p-I£n Kh¬saân `n¶X DS-se-Sp-¯-t¸mÄ `qcn-]-£-an-Ãm¯ tIm¬{Kkv t\Xm-hmb {]Ypà N{µ-tLm-jns\ KhÀW-dm-bn-cp¶ [cw-hoc lpa-bq¬  Ah-tcm-[n-¨p. 1970  AtPmbv apJÀPn-bpsS c­mw a{´n-k` cmPn-h-¨-t¸mÄ Gähpw A[nIw Fw F Fam-cp-­m-bn-cp¶ tPymXn-_-kp-hnsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n-epÅ kn ]n sF (Fw) s\ a{´n-k-`-bp-­m-¡m³ £Wn-¡msX \nb-a-k` ]ncn-¨p-hn-«p. 1971  Gähpw `oI-camb B{I-a-W-§sf AXn-Po-hn¨p 113 koäp-t\-Sm³  kn ]n sF (Fw) \mbn. F¶m 280 AwK-\nba-k-`-bn 5 AwK-§Ä am{X-apÅ _w¥m-tIm¬{K-knsâ t\Xmhv AtPmbv apJÀPnsb apJy-a-{´n-bm-Im³ £Wn-¡p-I-bmWv KhÀW-dm-bn-cp¶ Fkv Fkv [hm³ sNbvX-Xv.  (AtPmbv apJÀPn tPymXn-_-kp-hn-t\mSv aÕ-cn-¨p ]cm-P-b-s¸«v \nb-a-k`mwKw t]mep-a-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶p-). Ahn-izm-k-¯n-eqsS B a{´n-k-`sb \nb-a-k-`-bn ]cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-t¸mÄ kn ]n sF (Fw) s\ a{´n-k-`-bp-­m-¡m³ £Wn-¡msX \nb-a-k` ]ncn-¨p-hn-«p. 

1984  \mS-Iob kw`-h-§Ä¡v B{Ô-{]-tZiv km£yw hln-¨p. apJy-a{´n F³ Sn cma-dmhp UnUvankv sNbvX KhÀWÀ cmwemÂ, `mkvI-c-dm-hp-hns\ a{´n-k-`-bp-­m-¡m³ £Wn¨p. HSp-hn cma-dmhp, Fw F Fwam-scbpw Iq«n cmjv{S-]-Xn-`-h-\n-se¯n `qcn-]£w sXfn-bn-¨p. P½pImivaocn   KhÀW-dm-bn-cp¶ PKvtam-l³ ^q¡v A_vZp-Åsb ]pd-¯m-¡n-bXv krjn-¨Xv P\m-[n-]-Xy-Zp-c-´-am-bn-cp-¶p. A\p-tOZw 356 A\p-k-cn¨v P\m-[n-]Xyw sIme-sN-¿-s¸-Sp-Ibpw hnth-N-\m-[n-Imcw ZpÀhn-\n-tbmKw sN¿-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p¶Xv NÀ¨m-hn-t[-b-amb L«-¯n-emWv. 1987  kÀ¡m-cnb I½o-j³ ip]mÀi kaÀ¸n-¨-Xv. KhÀWÀ ]Z-hn -P\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n\v `oj-Wn-bm-Im-Xn-cn¡m³ Nne \nÀt±-i-§Ä I½o-j³  apt¶m«ph¨p-sh-¦nepw \S-¸n-em-bn-Ã. KhÀWÀam-cpsS hnth-N-\m-[n-Imcw Gähpw HSp-hn- {]tbm-Kn-¸n-bv¡m-\p-ÅXmsW¶v  HmÀ½n-¸n-¨p. F¶m C´y-bnse he-Xp-]-£-cm-jv{Sob ]mÀ«n-IÄ A[n-Im-c-¯n-en-cp-¶t¸msgÃmw `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS k¯-¡p-hn-]-co-X-ambn KhÀWÀ ]Z-hnsb D±n-jvS-Im-cy-¯n-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv.  tIm¬{Kkvþ _n sP ]n Kh¬saâp-IÄ¡v C¡m-cy-¯n Htc kao-]\w Xs¶-bm-bn-cp-¶p. KhÀWÀam-cpsS Imem-h[n tI{µ-K-h¬saânsâ CjvSImewhsc F¶m-b-Xn-\m `cn-¡p¶ ]mÀ«n-bpsS kwØm\ t\Xr-Xz-§Ä¡v KhÀWsd `oj-Wn-s¸-Sp¯n X§-fpsS cmjv{Sob Imcy-km[yw t\Sm-sa¶ AhØ h¶p. B L«-¯n-emWv KhÀWÀam-cpsS Imem-h[n Xocpw-hsc XpS-cm³ A\p-h-Zn-¡Ww F¶ \nÀt±iw DbÀ¶p-h-¶Xv F¶m AXpw AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-Ã.

`c-WLS-\-bpsS A\p-tOZw 156 (1) A\p-k-cn¨v KhÀWÀamsc Ft¸mÄ thW-sa-¦nepw ]pd-¯m-¡m³ tI{µ-kÀ¡m-cn-\m-Ipw. A©p-sIm-Ã-amWv KhÀW-dpsS Imem-h[nsb¦nepw GXp-\n-an-jhpw Xncn-¨p-hn-fn-¡-s¸-Sm-sa¶ Ac-£n-XXzw Hmtcm KhÀWÀam-tcbpw Nqgv¶p-\n¡p-¶p. bYmÀ°-¯n Cu hkvXp-X-bmWv hn\o-X-hn-t[-b-hn-iz-kvX-cmbn `cn-¡p¶ ]mÀ«n-bpsS  sNÃw Npa-¡p-¶-h-cmbn KhÀWÀamÀ amdp-¶-Xnsâ bYmÀ° ImcWw ]mÀ«n-I-fnse {Kq¸p-XÀ¡w Hgn-hm-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw, iey-¡msc \mSp-I-S-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-sam-s¡-bpÅ D]m-[n-bmbn KhÀWÀ ]Z-hn-I-f-¦-s¸-«p-I-gn-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. asäm-cÀ°-¯n htbm-P\ hn{i-a-tI-{µ-ambn cmPv`-h-\p-IÄ A[:]Xn-¡-s¸-«p-I-gn-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p.

"UnkvI-h-dn Hm^v C´y' F¶ ]pkvX-I-¯n Ph-lÀem s\lvdp {]hn-iym-K-hÀWÀ Øm\s¯ hnaÀin-¡p-¶p-­v. UÂln-bntem knwe-bntem  Ccp-¶p-sIm­v C´y-bnse hnhn[ {]hn-iy-Isf \nb-{´n-¡p-hm-\pÅ D]-I-c-W-amWv KhÀWÀ-Øm\w F¶mWv At±lw ]d-ª-Xv. F¶m kzmX-{´m-\-´c C´y-bnepw KhÀWÀam-cpsS \ntbmKw AXp-X-s¶-bm-Wv. C´y³ `c-W-L-S\-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-kzm-`m-h-L-S-I-§-fn-sem-¶mb s^U-d LS-\sb XInSw adn-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-emWv KhÀWÀ ]Zhn Zpcp-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xv. kwXr-]vX-amb kwØm-\-§fpw kpi-à-amb tI{µhpw F¶ ImgvN-¸m-Snsâ A´I-cmbn s\lvdp-hnsâ ]n³Km-an-IÄ amdn. 

\nb-a-\nÀ½m-W-k-`-bn \nb-a-\nÀ½m-W-th-f-bn DbÀ¶p-h-cp¶ NÀ¨-I-fmWv B \nb-a-¯nsâ Dt±-is¯ shfnhm-¡p-¶Xv. tIm¬Ìn-äyq-hâv Akw-»n-bn KhÀWÀ ]Z-hnsb kw_-Ôn¨p \S¶ NÀ¨-IÄ hyà-am-¡p-¶Xv tI{µ-`-c-W-I£nbpsS CwKn-Xm-\p-k-cWw Nen-t¡­ H¶Ã KhÀWÀØm\w Fs¶m-cp-I-cp-X AwK-§Ä¡p­m-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶m-Wv. {]mb-]qÀ¯n thm«-h-Im-i-¯nsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯n KhÀWsd sXc-sª-Sp-¡Ww F¶-hm-Z-¯n\v Hcp L«-¯n taÂss¡-e-`n-¨n-cp-¶p. F¶m IcSv I½nän HSp-hn F¯n-t¨À¶Xv {]kn-Uân-\m \nb-an-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-]-Z-hn-bmWv KhÀW-dp-tSXv F¶m-Wv Xocp-am-\-¯n-em-Wv. 1935 se Kh¬saâv Hm^v C´y BIvS-\p-k-cn¨v cmÚn-bpsS {]Xn-]p-cp-j³ F¶ \ne-bn koam-Xo-Xamb A[n-Im-c-ap-­m-bn-cp¶ {]hn-iym-K-hÀW-am-cp-sS-Xn\p kam-\-amb A[n-Imcw \ÂI-s¸-«p. cmÚn-bpsS kwXr]vXn DÅ-Imew hsc F¶Xv {]kn-Uân\v CjvS-ap-Å-Imew hsc F¶m-bn-amdn F¶p-am-{Xw. {]kn-Uân-tâXv tI{µ-K-h¬saân-tâXv F¶pw, `cn-¡p¶ ]mÀ«n-bp-sS-Xp-sa-¶À°w. `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS A\p-tOZw 356 A\p-k-cn¨v sXc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸« Kh¬saâns\ ]ncn-¨p-hn«v KhÀWÀ `cWw \S-¯m\pw BÀ«n-InÄ 163 (1) (2) A\p-k-cn¨v hnth-N-\m-[n-Imcw {]tbm-Kn-¡m\pw KhÀWÀamÀ¡v A[n-Imcw \ÂIn. Cu hnth-N-\m-[n-Imcw `c-W-L-S-\m-\p-kr-X-am-bpw `c-W-L-S-\-¡p-hn-t[-ambpw {]tbm-Kn-¡-W-sa-¶mWv ]d-bp-¶-Xv. KhÀWÀamÀ¡v C{Xbpw hn]p-e-amb A[n-Im-c-§Ä e`y-am-Ip-t¼mÄ `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-L-S-I-§-fn-sem-¶mb s^U-d kz`m-hs¯ AXp _m[n-¡m³ ]mSpt­m F¶-XmWv {]k-à-am-Ip¶ tNmZyw. bYmÀ°-¯n Cu hnth-N-\m-[n-Imcw KhÀW-dp-sS-Xà adn¨v tI{µ-K-h¬saânsâ (`cn-¡p¶ ]mÀ«n-bpsS) CwKn-X-{]-Im-c-am-sW¶ hkvXp-X-bmWv \ap¡v ap¶n-ep-Å-Xv. AXp-sIm-­mWv D¯À{]-tZiv KhÀW-dm-bn-cp¶ ktcm-Pn\n \mbnUp ]d-ªXv Xm³ kzÀ®-Iq-«n-e-S-¡-s¸« ]£n-bm-sW-¶v \ma-\nÀt±iw sN¿-s¸-Sp¶ KhÀWÀ¡v tI{µ-K-h¬saânsâ CwKn-X-{]-Im-c-a-ÃmsX hntam-N-\m-[n-Imcw {]tbm-Kn-¡m-\m-hn-söv a\-kn-em-¡m³ kmam-\y-_p-²n-am{Xw aXn-btÃm?  `c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-ambpw `c-WLS-\-¡p-hn-t[-b-ambpw D]-tbm-Kn-t¡­ hnth-N-\m-[n-Imcw KhÀWÀamÀ  `c-W-I-£n-¡p-th­n Zpcp-]-tbmKw sN¿p-¶p-sh-¶-Xnsâ kzbw kwkm-cn-¡p¶ HSp-hn-es¯ DZm-l-c-W-amWv ]nW-dmbn hnP-b-s\-Xnsc s{]mkn-Iyq-j\v A\p-hmZw \ÂInb KhÀW-dpsS Xocp-am-\w. kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bpsS Ggw-K-s_©v ]d-ªXv Kh¬saâv tkzOm-Xn-]-c-amtbm A\o-Xn-]-c-amtbm s]cp-am-dn-bmtem BWv hnth-N-\m-[n-Imcw {]tbm-Kn-¡m-hp-¶Xv F¶m-Wv. kwØm-\s¯ AUz-t¡äv P\-d \ÂInb \nbtam]tZ-is¯ (AUzt¡äv P\-d-ens\ \nb-an-¡p-¶Xpw KhÀW-dmWv) Kh¬saâv NÀ¨-sN-bvXv, FSp¯ Xocp-am-\-¯nse \yq\-X-IÄ B kÀ¡m-cp-ambn hn\n--abw sN¿m-sX-bmWv tIcf KhÀWÀ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. hnth-N-\m-[n-Imcw Zmky-a-t\m-`m-h-¯nsâ {]I-S-\-am-Ip-¶-XmWv \mw I­-Xv. C\n hnth-N-\m-[n-Imcw tNmZyw sN¿-s¸-Sm-\m-hm-¯-XmWv F¶-hm-Zhpw \ncÀ°-I-am-Wv. _olmÀ kÀ¡m-cns\ ]ncn-¨p-hn« KhÀWÀ _q«m-knw-Knsâ \S-]Sn kp{]ow-tIm-SXn hnaÀin-¡p-Ibpw _q«m-knw-Kn\v ]pd-¯p-t]m-tI-­n-h-¶Xpw Ncn-{X-am-Wv. sIm«n-tLm-jn-¡-s¸« hnth-N-\m-[n-Im-c-¯nsâ ad-hn P\m-[n-]-Xy-¯nsâ ih-¡p-gn-tXm-­m³ {ian¨ KhÀWÀam-cpsS  sNbvXn-IÄ \½psS ap¶n-ep-­v.

Npcp-¡-¯n KhÀWÀ hnth-N-\m-[n-Imcw F¶ {_Òmkv{Xw [cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. ]s£ Igp¯v tI{µw `cn-¡p-¶-]mÀ«n-bpsS hmÄap\-Xp-¼n-emWv. `c-W-LS\m-\nÀ½m-X-¡Ä¡v ZoÀL-ZÀi\w sN¿m³ Ign-bm-sX-t]mb Hcp Zpc-´-am-Wn-Xv. tIm¬{Kkpw P\-Xm-]mÀ«nbpw _n sP ]nbp-saÃmw C¡m-cy-¯n Htc-Xq-hÂ]-£n-IÄX-s¶-bm-bn-cp¶p.

KhÀWÀ]-Z-hnsb kw_-Ôn¨v hyà-amb cmjv{So-b-\n-e-]mSv F¶pw kn ]n sF (Fw)\p­mbn-cp-¶psh¶v ImWmw. C´y³ P\m-[n-]-Xy-hy-h-Ø-bnse iàn ZuÀ_-ey-§-sfbpw NXn-¡p-gn-I-sfbpw hni-I-e\w sNbvXp Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ Ignª ]mÀ«n-bmWv kn ]n Fw F¶-Xp-sIm-­m-Wn-Xv.   tI{µ-kw-Øm-\-kÀ¡mÀ _Ô-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]Tn-¡m³ \ntbm-Kn¨ kÀ¡m-cnb I½o-jsâ kn ]n sF (Fw) kaÀ¸n¨ ip]mÀi-IÄ AXnsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯n-em-bn-cp¶p.

KhÀWÀ]-Zhn `cn-¡p¶ ]mÀ«n Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNbvX L«-§-fn-seÃmw ià-amb {]Xn-tj[w cmPy¯v DbÀ¶p-h-¶n-cp-¶p. tIm¬Ìn-äyq-hsâ Akw-»n-bn Hcp L«-¯n NÀ¨-sN-¿-s¸-«-Xp- t]mse KhÀWÀ P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-ambn sXc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸-«-bm-fm-IWw F¶ hmZ-K-Xnbpw DbÀ¶p.- h-¶n-«p-­v. k: C Fw Fkv Xs¶ Cu hkvXpX Nq­n-¡m-Wn-¨n-«p-­v. kpi-à-amb tI{µw F¶ ImgvN-¸m-S-h-X-cn-¸n¨v htbm-P-\-hn-iz-kvXsc KhÀWÀam-cmbn Ah-tcm-[n¨v kwkvYm\-§-fnse P\-§-fpsS P\m-[n-]-Xym-h-Im-is¯ Ih-cm³ KhÀWÀamsc D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ ]mSn-Ã. A§-s\-bm-sW-¦n k: C Fw Fkv ]d-ª-Xp-t]mse KhÀWÀ ]Zhn th­¶phbv¡p-I-bmWv th­Xv asäm-cÀ°-¯n C´y-bpsS P\m-[n-]-Xy-i-co-c-¯nse A\m-h-iy-L-S-I-ambn KhÀWÀ ]Zhn amdn-I-gn-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. P\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n-tâbpw `c-W-L-S-\-bp-tSbpw \nÀ_m-[-amb Hgp-¡n\v KhÀWÀ ]Zhn XSÊw krjvSn-¡p-¶p.

tIm¬{K-knsâ kao-]\w s\lvdp-Xs¶ hnaÀin¨ {]hn-iy-I-fnse KhÀWÀ P\-dÂam-cpsS amXr-I-bn tI{µ-kÀ¡m-cnsâ ZÃmÄam-cmbn KhÀWÀ amdp-¶p-sh-¶-Xm-Wv. ss\an-jnIt\-«-§Ä¡mbn KhÀWÀ ]Zhn ZpÀhn-\n-tbmKw sN¿-s¸-Sp¶ L«-¯n k: C Fw Fkpw kn ]n F½pw DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn¨ cmjv{Sob \ne-]m-Sp-IÄ C¶v hfsc {]k-à-am-sW-¶p-h-cp-¶p.