കത്തുന്നത് ആരുടെ ചിതയാണ്?

]t«-ecpw sXm½nbpwþ ]e-hpcp HmÀ½-bn-te-s¡¯n adª k¡-dnb F¶ IYm-Im-c³ hmÜ-b-cq-]-¯nepw ASqÀ skÃp-tem-bn-Unepw ]IÀ¶ cq]-I-§Äþ C´y³ cmjv{Sobw ]e-t¸mgpw Chsc ad-¡m³ \s½ A\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶n-Ã. hI-t`Zw CXp-am-{Xw. ]t«-eÀs¡mcpsXm½n. C´y³ cmjv{So-b-¯n sXm½n¡v Hcp-]mSv sXm½n-amÀ ]e-Xn-\mepw hne-bvs¡-Sp-¡-s¸«v ssIbp-bÀ¯p¶ sXm½n-IÄ F¶-Xn {]mb-Ýn-¯-ta-Xp-an-Ãm-¯-hÀ. BW-h-¡-cmÀ thms«-Sp-¸p- th-f-bn \mw Ahsc I­p. P\-{]-Xn-\n[n F¶ kwÚ-bpsS kmcmwiw t_m[y-s¸-Sm-¯-hsc. Ata-cn-¡³ P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-IÄ ]e-h«w Xe-\m-cn-g-Iodn ]cn-tim-[n-s¨mcp Icm-dnsâ ]pdw-N-«-t]mepw ImWmsX Bta³ ]d-ª-h-sc; Ahsc \mw Ct¸mgpw ImWp-¶p. DZm-¯-hpw DXvIr-jvS-hp-ambn hnti-jn-¸n¡-s¸-Sp¶ C´y³ P\m-[n-]-Xy-¯nsâ \S-h-gn-I-fnÂ. C¯-hW Bkn-b³ IcmÀ. DÅ-S¡sas´¶v Adn-bnà H¸n-«-Xn Fs´t¶m F´n-s\t¶m Adn-bm¯ sXm½n-amÀ \mSmsI ]mSn-\-S-¡p¶p Bkn-b³ amlm-ßyw. "]mcn ]pecpw P\m-[n-]Xysa{X at\m-lcw' F¶v BÀs¡-¦nepw aqfn-t]m-Im³ tXm¶n-bm \½Ä i¦-s¸-S-cp-Xv. ]mÀe-saâv t]mIs« kz´w ]mÀ«n-bn-se-¦nepw NÀ¨-sN-¿-W-sa¶v ]d-bm³ \mhv s]m§m¯ P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Isf HmÀ¯v Xe-Ip-\n-¡p-I.

\c-knw-l-dmhp Fs¶mcp Úm\-hr-²³ A[n-Imcw Hgn-ªv kz´w a\-Ênsâ DÅ-d-I-fn-te-¡p-am-{X-ambn \S-¶p-a-d-ªXv IÀj-I-cpsS ]«-S-I-fpsS \Sp-hn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. (Km«v) hym]m-c-I-cm-dnsâ amkva-cn-I-X-bn A`n-c-an-s¨m-cp-{]-kvYm-\-s¯bpw {][m-\-a-{´n-tbbpw I¯p¶ IÀj-Isâ NnXtbbpw Nq­n-¡m-«n-bmWv kztZin PmKc¬a©v _n sP ]nbpsS A[n-Im-c-cm-{ão-b-¯n-te-¡pÅ ]mX-sbm-cp-¡n-b-Xv.  Ncn-{X-¯n \n¶pw ]mTw-]-Tn-¡m³ ad-¶p-t]m-sbmcp  P\-X-bpsS  HmÀ½-sX-än \n¶p-amWv Ct´mþ Bkn-b³ IcmÀ ]nd-¡p-¶-Xv.  Cu L«-¯n Nne-tNm-Zy-§Ä tNmZn-¡-s¸-tS-­-Xm-bn-«p-­v.

1967  DS-se-Sp¯ Bkn-b³ cmjv{S-§-fp-ambn NÀ¨-IÄ¡pw Icm-dn-\pÅ k¶-²X {]I-Sn-¸n-¡-en\pw 2002 hsc F´p-sIm­v Im¯n-cn-t¡-­n-h¶p?

hmPvt]-bnbn XpS-§nb NÀ¨-IÄ IcmÀ H¸n-S-en-se-¯m³ bp ]n F `c-W-¯n Ign-bm-¯-sX´v?

C´y-bpsSIqSn imTyw sIm­v ac-hn-¸n-¡-s¸-«n-cp¶ tZmlm-h-«-NÀ¨-IÄ¡v apJy-ImÀ½n-IXzw hln-¡m³ C´y s]mSp-¶-\th X¿m-dmbXnsâ kmwK-Xysa´v?

ImÀjnI k_vkn-Un-bpsS Imcy-¯n bqtdm-]y³ km¼-¯nI kaq-lhpw Ata-cn-¡bpw kzoI-cn¨ ZpimTyw AhÀ Dt]-£nt¨m?

F´p-sIm-­v Bkn-b³ Icm-dn \n¶v C³^Àta-j³ sSIvt\m-f-Pn, tkm^vävshbÀ Dev]-¶-§Ä Hgn-hm-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p?

Cu tNmZy-§Ä¡v D¯cw Is­-¯p-t¼mÄ am{Xta Bkn-b³ Icm-dnsâ s]mcp-fn-te¡v IS-¡m-\m-hq.

atejy³ hntZ-i-hym-]m-c-hy-h-km-b-a{´n apkvX-^ap-l-½Zv Bkn-bm³ Icm-dns\ {]Xn Bth-i-`-cn-X-\m-Wv. 110 tImSn-bn-e-[nIw P\-§-fpÅ C´y-bn-te¡v   80% ate-jy³ DÂ]-¶-§fpw \nIp-Xn-i-ey-an-ÃmsX 2016 BIp-t¼m-tg¡pw F¯-s¸-Sp-sa-¶-Xn-em-W-Xv.   Bkn-b³ cmjv{S-§-fp-am-bn IcmÀ H¸n-«-Xnsâ ]Ým-¯-e-¯n ]{X-{]-hÀ¯Isc A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-t¼m-gmWv ate-jy³ a{´n IcmÀ F§-s\-bmWv Xsâ cmPy-¯n\v KpWI-c-am-Ip¶sX¶v hni-Zo-I-cn-¨-Xv. Bkn-b³ cmjv{S-§Ä C{Xbpw Im¯n-cp¶ asämcp kzX-{´-hym-]mcIcmÀ thsd-bp-­m-bn-«n-Ã. Bdv hÀj-s¯-¡m-¯n-cn¸ns\m-Sp-hn hen-sbmcp e£yw km[n-¨-Xnsâ elcn At±-l-¯nsâ hm¡p-I-fn-ep-­m-bn-cp-¶p. ate-jy-bpsS 12-þm-aXv  hym]m-c-]-¦m-fn-bmb C´y 7767 DXv]-¶-§-fpsS \nIpXn 2013 Unkw-_À 31 \Iw ]qÀ®-ambpw Dt]-£n-¡pw. 2016 Unkw-_À 31 \v 1260 DXv]-¶-§-fpsSbpw. Npcp-¡-¯n C´y-bn-te¡v 81% DXv]-¶-§Ä 2013 epw 9% 2016 epw am{Xta \nIp-Xn-bn-ÃmsX Cd-¡p-aXn sN¿m-hp-sb-¶pw, 20% DÂ]-¶-§Ä 5% am{Xw \nIpXn \ÂIn Cd-¡p-aXn sN¿p-sa-¶pamWv hnh-cn-¡-s¸-«-Xv.

2009 s^{_p-h-cn-bn Xmbveâv hntZ-i-Im-cy-h-Ip-¸nsâ hàmhv XcnXv Nmcp-¦Xv ]d-ªXv C´y³ hmWn-Py-a-{´nbpw Bkn-b³ cmjv{S-§fpw X½n kzX-{´-hym-]m-c-I-cmÀ H¸n-Sm³ CS-bp-­v. AtXm-Sp-IqSn 3666 D¸-¶-§Ä 0 \nIp-Xn-bn C´y-bn-te¡p Cd-¡p-aXn sN¿m-\m-hpw. Ct¸mÄ C´y-bp-ambn Xmbve-­n-\p-ÅXv 82 DXv]-¶-§-fpsS `mKn-I-amb DS-¼Sn am{X-am-Wv. ]s£ IcmÀ H¸n-Sp-¶Xv Xmbveâv ]mÀe-saânsâ A\p-hm-Zs¯ B{i-bn-¨n-cn-¡pw. Xmbveânsâ `c-W-L-S-\-b-\p-k-cn¨v B cmPys¯ kv]Àin-¡p¶ GsXm-cp-I-cmdpw ]mÀe-saân NÀ¨-sN-bvXn-cn-¡Ww F¶-Xp-\nÀ_-Ô-am-Wv. Xmbveâv  ]mÀe-saânsâ A\p-hm-Z-t¯mSpIqSnbmWv X§Ä IqSn AwK-amb 10 AwK cmjv{S-k-Jy-amb Bkn-b\p-ambn C´y³ hmWn-Py-a{´n B\µv iÀ½ H¸n-«-sX¶v hyàw. Bkn-b³ kJy-cm-jv{S-§Ä¡pw, Ahn-Sps¯ P\-§Ä¡pw Ahy-à-Xtbm Bi-¦-Itfm CÃ. hkvXp-X-Ifpw IW-¡p-Ifpw \nc¯n AhÀ Icm-dns\ ]n´p-Wbv-¡p-¶p. Ah-cpsS cmjv{S-¯nsâ hnin-jy -ImÀjn-I-ta-J-e-bpsS D¯-a-Xm-Xv]-cy-§Ä ap³\nÀ¯n, Km«v Icm-dnsâ ]cn-W-Xn-bn Gjy³ ]pen-I-fm-bn-cp¶ X§Ä shdpw  IS-emkv ]pen-bmbn A[:]Xn-¨p-sh¶pw hym]mc IcmÀ hgn  Xpd-¶n« hmXn-ep-I-fmWv Cu Ah-Ø-bn F¯n-¨-sX-¶p-amWv ate-jy³ {][m-\-a-{´n-bm-bn-cp¶ alm-XoÀ apl-½Zv sFIy-cm-jv{S-kw-L-S-\-bpsS thZn-bn hne-]n-¨-Xv. C\n-sbmcp ]p\-cp-Öo-h\w ImÀjn-I-ta-J-e-bn-eqsS am{Xta km[y-am-Iq-sb¶p Xncn-¨-dn-bp-Ibpw ImÀjnI ]mt¡-PpIÄ¡v cq]w \ÂIp-Ibpw sNbvXp,  ate-jy. ]mtam-bn DÄs¸-sS-bpÅ ImÀjn-I-hn-f-IÄ¡v k_vknUn \ÂIp-Ibpw Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n-t\-¡À `qan-bn Irjn`qan ]m«-¯n-s\-Sp¯v kÀ¡m-cp-S-a-Ø-X-bn \S-¸n-em-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX atejy C\n Ib-äp-a-Xn-bn-eqsS XIÀ¶ k¼-ZvL-S-\sb kwc-£n-¡m-sa-¶p-I-cp-Xp-¶p.

c­v kao-]-\-§-fpsS kqN-I-§-fm-Wn-Xv. A\p-`-h-§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n ImÀjnI taJ-e-bn-emWv cmPy-¯nsâ `mhn-sb¶v Xncn-¨-dn-bp-Ibpw AtX-k-abw P\m-[n-]-Xy-L-S\ apdpsI ]nSn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ kao-]-\§fmWv apI-fn kqNn-¸n-¨Xv. BW-h-¡-cm-dnsâ ]n¶m-se-sb-¯nb Bkn-b³ Icmdpw hyh-Ø-Ifpw C´y³ ]mÀe-saâw-K-§Ä¡p-t]mepw AÚm-X-am-Wv. tI{µ-Im-_n-\-än hncp-²m-`n-{]mbw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-sb¶v hmÀ¯-I-fn-eqsS \ma-dn-ª tIc-f-¯n \n¶pÅ tI{µ-a-{´n-amÀ Icm-dn-\-\p-Iq-e-amb Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-§-fp-ambn cwK-s¯¯n. hb-emÀ chn Hcp lnam-e-b³ A_-²w-IqSn ]d-ªp-h-¨p. Gä-hp-a-[nIw Im¸n DXv]m-Zn-¸n-¡p¶ hnbäv\mw Bkn-bm-\n AwK-a-sÃ-¶v.- P\m-[n-]Xyw tIhew \mSy-am-sW¶pw km{am-Py-Xz-hn-t[-b-Xz-amWv X§sf \bn-¡p-¶-sX¶pw hnfw-_cw sN¿p-I-bmWv tIm¬{Kkv t\Xr-Xz-¯n-epÅ bp ]n F Kh¬saâv.  hntZ-i-\n-t£-]-¯n\pw ]¦m-fn-¯-kw-cw-`-§Ä¡pw klm-b-I-c-am-Ip-sa-¶-XmWv Icm-dnsâ BIÀj-I-L-S-I-sa¶v tI{µ-kÀ¡mÀ hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶p, H¸w hne-¡-bäw Hgnhm¡m\mhp-sa¶pw.  knwK-¸qÀ Hgn-sI-bpÅ Bkn-b³ cmjv{S-§-fm-Is« X§-fpsS ImÀjn-I-k-¼-ZvL-S-\sb iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-sa-¶-Xn-emWv Icm-dns\ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

C¶s¯ C´y³ P\m[n]Xy-¯n\v C§-s\-sbmcp `mjm-´-cw-IqSn Iev]n-¡mw. P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-IÄ-t]mepw A{]k-à-am-sbmcp `c-W-kw-hn-[m\w F¶-XmWv AXv. BW-h-¡-cmÀ H¸n-Sp-¶Xv C´y³ ]mÀe-saân NÀ¨-sN-¿m-sX-bm-Wv. A¶v CS-Xp-]£w DbÀ¯nb {]Xn-tcm[w XIÀ¶-sX-§-s\-sb¶v GhÀ¡pw Adn-bmw.  C¶v CS-Xp-i-ey-an-Ãm¯ `c-W-¯n A`n-c-an-¡p¶ tIm¬{Kkv t\XrXzw Bkn-b³ Icm-dn H¸n-Sp-t¼mgpw BÀ¡p-a-dn-bnà Icm-dnsâ DÅ-S-¡-sa-s´¶v. Adn-bm-\pÅ Ah-Im-i-¯n-\p-th­n P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-IÄ i_vZ-ap-bÀ¯p-¶Xn\v  \mw ImtXmÀ¡pI.

Bkn-b³ Ncn{Xw

"Bk-'bn \n¶p-am-bn-cp¶p XpS¡w. ^nen-ss¸³kv, ate-jy, Xmbveâv F¶o cmPy-§-f-S-§p¶ {Xncm-jv{S-k-Jy-am-bn-cp¶p 1961  XpS¡w Ipdn-¨-Xv. 1967 BKÌv 8 \v _mt¦m-¡nse Xmbveâv hntZ-i-Im-cy-h-Ip-¸p-sI-«n-S-¯n A©v cmPy-§-fn \n¶pÅ \mev hntZ-i-Im-cy-a-{´n-amÀ DÄs¸« D¶-X-X-e-kwLw tbmKw tNÀ¶p-\-S-¯nb _m¦vtIm¡v {]Jym-]-\-amWv (Bkn-b³ {]Jym-]-\-sa¶pw ]d-bp-¶p­v) Bkn-b³ cmjv{S-kw-Jy-¯nsâ intcm-en-JnXw. _mly-`o-j-Wn-I-fn \n¶pÅ kpc-£n-XXzw, taJ-e-bnse km¼-¯nI `{ZX XpS-§nb ImgvN-¸m-Sp-I-fn-eq-¶n-bmWv _mt¦m¡v {]Jym-]\w. 1976 se _menkt½-f\w km¼-¯n-I-k-l-I-c-W-sa¶ ImgvN-¸mSv apt¶m-«p-sh-¨p-sh-¦nepw 80 IfpsS a[y-¯n-emWv B \nebv-¡pÅ \o¡-§Ä D­m-Ip-¶-Xv. Km«v  Icm-dnsâ ]Ým-¯-e-¯n 1991  Xmbveâv kzX{´yhym]m-c-I-cmÀ F¶ ImgvN-¸mSv apt¶m-«p-sh-¨p. CXn-\n-S-bn {_qssW Bdm-as¯ AwK-cm-jv{S-ambn kJy-¯n tNÀ¶p. Bkn-b³ cmjv{S-§-fpsS hym]m-c-_-Ô-§-fnse {]I-S-amb Hcp Znim-am-ä-¯nsâ XpS¡w ChnsS ImWm\mIpw. 94  hnb-äv\mapw 97  aym³adpw emthmkpw It¼m-Un-bbpw tNÀ¶p. ssN\bpw P¸m\pw Z£n-W-sIm-dn-bbpw DÄs¸-Sp¶ Ing-¡-t\-jy³ km¼-¯nI kJyw F¶ ate-jy-bpsS \nÀt±-is¯ Ata-cn-¡-bp-tSbpw P¸m-tâbpw `mK-¯p-\n-¶p-­mb FXnÀ¸n-s\-Xp-SÀ¶v \ncm-I-cn-¨p. 1997 se Gjy³ km¼-¯n-I-X-IÀ¨sb XpSÀ¶v Bkn-b³ cmjv{S-§fpw ssN\, P¸m³, Z£n-W-sIm-dnb (Bkn-b³ +3) F¶o cmjv{S§-fp-ambn km¼-¯nI kl-I-cWw Øm]n-¨p. 2006  Bkn-b³ kJy-¯n\v sFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`-bpsS P\-d Iu¬kn-en \nco-£-Imw-KXzw e`y-am-bn. 2007  Bkn-b³ cmjv{S-kJyw kap-Nn-X-ambn BtLm-jn¨ Hcp-hÀj-am-Wv,  kJy-cq-]o-I-c-W-¯nsâ 40þmw hmÀjn-Ihpw Ata-cn-¡³ kl-I-cW¯nsâ 30--þmw hmÀjn-I-hpw. 2007 BKÌv 26 \v Bkn-b³ km¼-¯n-I-k-aqlw bYmÀ°y-am¡pI F¶ e£yw ssIh-cn-¡m³ ap³ssI-sb-Sp-¡p-sa¶v Bkn-b³ {]Jym-]n-¨p. 2015 HmSpIqSn CXv bmYmÀ°y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ {]hÀ¯-\-]-²-Xnbpw {]Jym-]n-¡-s¸-«p. C´y-bn-te-¡pÅ km{am-Py-Xz-aq-e-[-\-i-àn-I-fpsS Hcp CS-\m-gn-bm-Wn¶v Bkn-b³ cmjv{Skaqlw. Hcp P\-X-bpsS I®p-sh-«n¨v `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS \ng-en-eqsS IS-s¶-¯p-s¶mcp XkvIc-cq-]amWo-I-cmÀ.

C´y-bpsS  \mem-as¯  henb hym]m-c-]-¦m-fn-bmWv Bkn-b³ cmjv{S-k-aq-lw. bqtdm-]y³ km¼-¯n-I-k-aq-lw, Ata-cn-¡, ssN\ F¶n-h-bmWv BZys¯ aq¶v cmjv{S-§Ä. Km«v Icm-dnsâ ]Ým-¯-e-¯n 1992  Bcw-`n¨ {]mY-an-I-NÀ¨I-fpsS ]cn-Wm-a¯nsâ krjvSnbmWv BKÌv 13 sâ IcmÀ. 1995  \S¶ a{´n-X-e-NÀ¨ Gjy³ dnP-W t^md-¯n C´y-bpsS ]¦m-fn¯w Dd-¸m-¡n. {]kvXp-X-tbm-K-¯n {][m-\-a-{´n-bm-bn-cp¶ hmPvt]bn ]s¦-Sp-¯n-cp-¶p. Bkn-b³ Icm-dnsâ  Gähpw henb  KpW-t`m-àm-¡-Ä knwK-¸q-cm-Wv. ImÀjn-I-ta-J-ebv¡v bmsXmcp ]cn-K-W-\bpw \evIm¯ D]-t`m-àr-cm-jv{S-amWv knwK-¸qÀ. 2002 \hw-_À 5\v It¼m-Un-b-bn \S¶ Bkn-b³ kt½-f-\-¯n knwK-¸qÀ {][m-\-a{´n tKm tNmIv tSmwKv  Bth-i-t¯msS Bkn-b³ cmjv{S-k-Jys¯ Hcp Pt¼m Päv hnam-\-t¯mSv D]-an-¨p. "Bkn-b³+3 (P¸m³ ku¯v sImdn-b, ssN\) Hcp Nnd-Im-Wv. atä-Nn-dIpw Ct¸mÄ bmYmÀ°y-am-hpIbmWv. AXv C´y-bmWv. C\n apt¶m«v IpXn-¡mw.'

1960 Ifn tImf\n-`-c-W-¯n \n¶v tamNn-X-amb Ct´m-t\jy DÄs¸-sS-bpÅ cmjv{S-§-fpsS ap³ssI km²y-am-sbm-cp kJy-amWv Bkn-bm³. tkmhn-bäv bqWn-bsâ XIÀ¨-bv¡p-tijw  temI-km-¼-¯n-I-cw-K-¯p-­mb amä-§Ä hym]m-c-I-cm-dp-IÄ hgn-bp-­mb km¼-¯n-I-_-Ô-§Ä AXnsâ {]Xn-^-e-\-§Ä Bkn-bm-s\bpw kzm[o-\n-¨n-«p-s­¶v ImWmw. knwK-¸qÀ Hgn-sI-bpÅ _m¡n Bkn-bm³ cmjv{S-§Ä ImÀjn-I-ta-J-ebv¡v {]tXy-I-]-cn-K-W-\-\-evIp¶ cmjv{S-§-fm-Wv.  CS-¡m-e¯v X§-fpsS ap³K-W-\m-{I-a-¯n hcp-¯nb t`Z-KXn Ah-cpsS km¼-¯n-I-L-S-\sb tZmj-I-c-ambn _m[n-¨p.

km{am-PyXzhpw B`y-´-c-Ip-¯-I-Ifpw X½n aqe-[-\-¯nsâ {]tbm-K-¯n kz`m-hn-I-am-bp-­m-Ip¶ sshcp-²y-§fpw eLq-I-cn-¡mt\m ]cn-l-cn-¡mt\m km{am-PyXzw {ian-¡p-¶p-­v. AXn\v `c-W-Iq-S-§sf kzm[o-\n-¡m\pw \nb-{´n-¡m\pw Ign-bp-¶p-s­-¶-Xnsâ \nc-h[n A\p-`-h-§fpw \ap¡v ap¶n-ep-­v.  {]mtZ-in-I-k-Jy-§sf \nb-{´n-¡m\pw kzm[o-\n-¡m\pw km{am-Py-Xz-¯n\v C¶v Ign-bp-¶p-­v. \nt£-]-¯nsâ {]tem-`\apbÀ¯n-bmWv CXv km²y-am-¡p-¶-Xv. Bkn-bm³ kJy-¯nse cmPy-§Ä¡v km{am-Py-Xz-cm-jv{S-§-fp-ambn KmV-amb _Ô-§-fp-­v. C´y-bpsS `mhn-Im-es¯ km²y-X-bmbn {]N-h-Nn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ C³^Àta-j³ sSIvt\m-f-Pnbpw tkm^väv shbÀ taJ-ebpw Cu Icm-dn \n¶v Hgn-hm-Ip-¶Xv AÀ°-KÀ`-am-Ip-¶Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv. Cu ]Ým-¯-e-¯n a³tam-l³knwKv, NnZw-_cw Aep-hm-enb {Xb-¯nsâ akvXn-jvI-¯n-eqsS hmÀ¶p-ho-gp¶ Icm-dp-I-fpsS {]Xym-Lm-X§Ä a\-Ên-em-¡-s¸-SpI F¶Xv hf-sc-tbsd {]m[m-\y-apÅ Hcp shÃp-hn-fn-bm-Wv.

Bkn-b\pw tIc-fhpw

then-Xs¶ hnf-hp-Xn-¶p-I-bn-Ã-sb-¶Xv shdpw Hcp ]d-¨n am{X-aà bmYmÀ°yw IqSn-bm-Wv. kwc-£-I³ kwl-cn-¡nà F¶ hnizm-k-¯nsâ Bhn-jvIm-cw. ChnsS then-IÄ CÃm-Xm-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. Cd-¡p-aXn Xocp-h-IÄ ImÀjn-I-hn-f-IÄ¡p Npäpw krjvSn-¡s¸« then-I-fm-Wv. kwkvIm-chpw Pohn-X-co-Xnbpw F¶ \ne-bn am{Xw Imem-´-c-¯n ImÀjn-I-hr¯n AXn-Po-hn-¡p-I-bnà F¶ t_m[y-¯n \n¶mWv C´y³ IÀj-I-s\bpw Ahsâ hnf-I-sfbpw \ne-\nÀ¯p-¶-Xn\pw Cd-¡p-aXn Xocp-h-IÄ \nÝ-bn-¡-s¸-«n-«p-Å-Xv. C´y-bpsS kzXzw ImÀjn-I-P-\-X-bp-sS-Xm-sW¶v \½psS tZio-b-t\-XrXzw Xncn-¨-dn-ªn-cp-¶p-sh¶p ImWp-I. 1990 Ifnse temI-hym-]m-c-I-cm-dnsâ XpSÀ¨-bn-emWv \nIp-Xn-bn-fhv Cd-¡p-aXnbn A\p-h-Zn¨v ZpcnXw hnX-¨-Xv. 

Bkn-b³ IcmÀ tIc-f-¯nse IÀj-I\v ac-W-¡-cmÀ BIp-¶-sX-´p-sIm-­v? tIc-f-¯nse P\-kw-Jy-bn 1.5 tImSn-tbmfw IÀj-I-cp-­v. ]c-¼-cm-KXamb ImÀjn-I-hr¯n XpSÀ¶p-h-cp-¶-hÀ, em`-I-c-ambXp-sIm­v Nne {]tXy-I-Ir-jn-co-Xn-I-fn-te¡v Xncn-ª-hÀ, `£-W-¯n-\mbn Irjn- ]-Wn-Xp-S-cp-¶-hÀ, kz´w Bh-iy-¯n\v `£y-[m\yw Irjn sNbvXv _m¡n-bn \n¶pw k¼mZyw FSp-¡p-¶-hÀ A§s\ hnhn[ hn`m-K-¡mÀ.... FÃm hn`m-K-¯nÂs]-«-h-scbpw B{I-an-¡p-¶-XmWv Cu IcmÀ F¶p ImWm-\m-Ipw. tIc-f-¯nse IÀj-IÀ-þ-\m-fn-tI-cw, s\Â, d_À, hmWn-Py-hn-`-h-§Ä GXp-X-c-¯n-epÅhcmbmepw {]Xn-k-Ôn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶p-­v. FÃmw hm§p-¶-h-cmbn AXn-thKw D]-t`m-àr-kw-Øm-\-sa¶ ]Z-hn-bn-te¡v ]Xn-¡p¶ tIc-f-¯n `£y-kzbw ]cym-]vXXbpw ImÀjn-I-k-ar-²nbpw e£y-an-«pÅ \o¡-§ÄsasÃ-sb-¦nepw ]¨-]n-Sn-¨p-h-cp¶ L«-¯n-emWv Cu IcmÀ hcp-¶-Xv.  bYmÀ°-¯n Cu Icm-dn s\K-äohv enÌv AYhm kwc-£n-X-]-«nI F¶p]-d-bp¶ hn`m-K-¯n \mfn-tI-chpw \mWy-hn-f-Ifpw DÄs¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. ImÀjn-tIm-Xv]-¶-§-fpsS ]«n-I-bnÂs]-Sp¶ DXv]-¶-§Ä¡v ]c-am-h-[n-\n-IpXn (_u­vtdäv) 300% hsc-bm-Wv. AXn-\À°w 100 tX§bv¡v 4000 cq] B`y-´-c-hn-]-Wn-bn hne-bp-s­-¦n Cd-¡p-aXn Xocph 12000 cq]-hsc Npa¯mw F¶-Xm-Wv. asäm-cp-cm-Py¯v \mfn-tI-c-¯n\v 3000 hne-sb-¦n tIc-f-¯nse hn]-Wn-bn-se-¯p-t¼mÄ 15000 cq]-hsc \ÂI-Wsa¶À°w. A§s\ tIc-f-¯nse \mfn-tI-c-IÀj-IÀ kwc-£n-¡-s¸-«ncp¶p. Cu ]c-am-h[n \nIp-Xn-bn Ipd-hp-h-cp-¯p-I-bà adn¨v \ne-hn-epÅ \nIp-Xnbn I (Ass¹Uv \nIp-Xn-bnÂ) Ipd-hp-h-cp-¯p-I-bmWv IcmÀ H¸n-«-t¸mÄ kÀ¡mÀ sNbvXn-cn¡p-¶-Xv.

2009 þ10 se _Päv {]kw-K-¯n ]n NnZw-_cw ]d-ªXv Im¸n, dºÀ, kpK-Ô-{Z-hy-§Ä, Iip-h-­n, \mfn-tI-c-f-IÀj-Isc klm-bn-¡m³ ]²-Xn-bv¡p-cq]w \ÂIp-sa-¶mWv. k`bv-¡p-Ån ssIb-Sn-¨-hcpw ]pd¯v apJ-{]-kw-K-§-fn-eqsS BtLm-jn-¨-hcpw Hcp Imcyw am{Xw {i²n-¨n-Ã. ]²-Xn¡m-h-iy-amb hnlnXw  D­m-bn-cp-¶nà F¶-Xm-W-Xv. AXn-\p-tijw CSp-¡n-bn-se-¯nb  hmWn-Py-Im-cy-a{´n Pbdmw ctaipw hmKvZm-\-§Ä \nc-¯n. 1350 tImSn-cq-]-bpsS klmbw \mfn-tI-c-f-¯n-\pÄs¸sS \ÂIn 2900  tImSn-cq-]-bpsS ]mt¡Pv {]Jym-]n-¨p. \mfn-tI-c-hm-Wn-Py-a-{´m-e-b-¯nsâ ]cn-[n-¡p-Iosg hcp-¶-Xà F¶p-IqSn HmÀ¡msX \S-¯nb {]Jym-]\w tIc-f-¯nse IÀj-I-k-aq-l-t¯m-SpÅ tI{µ-kÀ¡mÀ kao-]\w hyà-am-¡p-¶Xv IqSn-bm-Wv.  D½³Nm-­n¡v kwibanÃ. Bkn-b³ IcmÀ tIc-f-¯nsâ XmÂ]-cy§Ä kwc-£n-¡m-\p-X-Ip-¶-Xm-sW¶ Imcy-¯n ]s£ hb-emÀ chn¡pw F sI Bâ-Wn¡pw A{X Dd-¸n-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p-h-s{X. tI{µ-a{´n k`m-tbm-K-¯n AhÀ Nne kwi-b-§fpw Bi-¦-Ifpw {]I-Sn-¸n-¨-s{X. FÃm-¯n-\pw D¯cw In«n Xr]vX-cm-bn. tIc-f-hn-I-k\w ASp¯ Knb-dn-te-¡p-am-äp-hm³ t]mIp-¶p-sh¶v \nc-´cw DZvt_m-[n-¸n-¨p-sIm-t­-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ]s£ a[y-tI-c-f-¯n IÀj-I-cm-jv{So-b-¯nsâ CS-hn-f-Ir-jn-IqSn \S-¯p¶ amWn-kmÀ Xd-¸n-¨p-Xs¶ ]dªp Bkn-bm³ IcmÀ tIc-f-¯n-\p-tZm-j-I-c-sa¶v Ipªm-en-Ip«n kmln_p\pap­v Icm-dpI-fpsS ktµ-l-§Ä. ImWm-¨-c-Sp-IÄs¡m-Sp-hn km{am-Py-Xz-sI-Wn-I-­n-cp¶v. km{am-Py-Xz-hn-tcm-[n¡nXp\ni-_vZ-Im-ew.   kJmhv kn ]n tPmWn-\p-ap­v Nne Bi-¦-IÄ.... Nmb-t¡m-¸-bnse sImSp-¡m-äm-sbm-Sp-§p¶ ktµ-l Bi¦-{]-I-S-\-§Ä¡¸pdw Cu IcmÀ tIc-fs¯ F§-s\-bmWv _m[n-¡p-I-sb¶ Kuc-h-X-c-amsbmcp At\z-jWw Ah-cpsS AP-­-bn-en-Ã.

1997 sâ km¼-¯n-I-X-IÀ¨ Gjy³ kaq-l-¯n krjvSn¨ {]Xym-Lm-X-¯nsâ Cc-I-fm-bn-cp¶p tIc-f-¯nse d_À IÀj-I-sc-¶Xv HmÀ¡p-I. temI-hym-]mc Icm-dpw, Ct´m-þ-{io-e-¦³ Icmdpw d_À, Cd-¡p-a-Xn¡pw d_À DXv]¶-§-fpsS Cd-¡p-a-Xn¡pw Imc-W-ambt¸mÄ d_À hne-bn D­mb amä-¯nsâ Zpc´w Hcp  t]¡n\m-hmbn C¶pw ]n´p-S-cp-¶p-­v. tIc-f-¯nse d_ÀIÀj-I-cn-t¸m Xs¶ {]Xn-k-Ôn-bpsS AS-bm-f-§Ä I­p-Xp-S-§n-bn-«p-­v. 2004-þ05  68718 S¬ BWv Cd-¡p-aXn sNbvX-Xv. 2006-þ07  AXv 82000 S¬ Bbn. SbÀ \nÀ½m-Xm-¡Ä C´y³ B`y-´-c-hn-]-Wn-bn \n¶pw d_À hm§p-t¼mÄ 1.5 cq] Hcp Intem-{Km-an\p skkv Bbpw 4% aqey-hÀ²nX \nIpXn IqSmsX FIvsskkv Uyq«n Bbpw \ÂIp-¶-h-cp-­v. Gähpw {][m\w Cd-¡p-aXn \nIpXn 5% Bbn Xmgv¯n Cd-¡p-a-Xn¡v kuI-cy-sam-cp-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXpsh¶-XmWv.

dºdns\ s\K-äohv enÌnÂs]Sp-¯n-bn-«p-s­-¶mWv D½³Nm­n ]d-bp-¶-Xv.   FIvkv¢qkohv en-Ìn-s\-bm-W-t±lw Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv.  B enÌnÂs]« DXv]-¶-§Ä Np¦-\n-c¡v Ipd-¡p-¶-Xn \n¶pw Hgn-hm-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶ {]N-cWw APvRX-bpsS krjvSn-bm-Wv. AsÃ-¦n t_m[-]qÀÆw \pW-]-d-b-em-Wv. amÀ¡äv hn]p-eo-I-c-W-¯n\v Hmtcm-hÀjhpw Ah-tem-I\w \S-¯-W-sa-¶mWv ]d-bp-¶-Xv. ^e-¯n hÀjwtXmdpw Np¦-\n-c¡v Ipd-¡-W-sa-¶-Xp-X-s¶. At¸mgpw \mWy-hn-f-IÄ F¶ ]cn-K-W-\-bmWv \ÂInbncn-¡p-¶Xv. AXn-\À°w ]c-am-h[n Npa-¯m-hp¶ \nIpXn \mÂ]-Xp-i-X-am\amsW-¶À°w. tIc-f-¯nse d_À IÀj-IÀ t\cn-Sm³ t]mIp¶ {]Xn-kÔn `bm-\-I-am-bn-cn-¡pw.  dº-dn-tâbpw aqey-hÀ²n-X-D¸-¶-I-fp-tS-Xp-ambn 173 C\-§-fmWv. ]«n-I-bn-ep-Å-Xv. AXn \men-\-§Ä am{X-amWv kwc-£n-X-]-«n-IbnÂs]-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-Å-Xv. 169 C\-§Ä s]Sp-¯n-bn-«n-Ã. ]e C\-§-fp-tSbpw \nIpXn 2013 epw aäp-Nn-e-h-bp-tSXv 2016 epw ]qPyw \nIp-Xn-\n-c-¡nepw F¯n-t¨-cpw.

]mtam-bn-ensâ Xocp-h-bn-ep-­m-Ip¶ Ipdhv \mfn-tI-c-¯nsâ \mSmb tIc-f-¯nsâ `q]-Ss¯ F§s\ amän-XoÀ¡pw F¶p-{]-h-Nn-¡m³ t]mep-am-hn-Ã. Ct¸mÄ Xs¶ d_-dn-\pw, aäp-ambn \in-¸n-¡-s¸« sX§n³]m-S-§Ä krjvSn-¡p-¶Xv km¼-¯n-I-am-{X-amb Hcp {]Xn-k-Ôn-b-Ã. bYmÀ°-¯n ChnsS kw`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv CXc \nt£-]-ta-J-e-Isf e£yw h¨p-sIm­v C´y, ImÀjn-I-ta-J-e¡p Gähpw Ipdª {]m[m\yw \ÂIp-¶p. Bknb³ cmPy-§fpw aäp cmjv{S-§fpw (hnI-kn-X-cm-jv{S-§Ä)  DÄs¸sS ImÀjn-I-ta-J-esb ]p\-cp-Öo-hn-¸n-¡m-\pÅ Xo{h-{i-a-§-fn-em-Wv. Bkn-bm³  Icm-dn-sem-¸n« ssN\-bpw P¸m\pw ImÀjn-I-hn-f-I-fpsS Imcy-¯n bmsXmcp \o¡p-t]m-¡n\pw X¿m-dm-bn-Ã. F¶m P¸m-\p-am-bpÅ IcmÀ Bkn-b³ cmjv{S-§Ä¡v {][m-\-am-b-Xn-\m P¸msâ imTy-§Ä¡v hg-t§­n hcp-¶p. 

C´y-bn 66 tImSn aÕym-lm-cn-IÄ Ds­¶mWv. tIc-f-¯n-em-Is« H¶-c-e-£w-t]À aÕy-_-Ô-\-¯n\v t\cn«v CS-s]-Sp-¶-h-cm-Wv. Gg-c-e£w t]À A\p-_-Ô-sXm-gn-ep-I-fn CS-s]-Sp-¶-hcpw. 500 aoäÀ ssZÀLy-apÅ ISepw 44 \Zn-Ifpw 34 Imb-ep-I-fp-amWv tIc-f-¯nsâ aÕy-t{km-XÊv. Xoc-§-fn ZpcnXw hnX-bv¡p¶ km¼-¯n-I-kp-\m-an-bmbn  2013  Bkn-bm³ IcmÀ cq]m-´cw {]m]n-bv¡pw. C´y-bn Hcp-hÀjw Bd-c-e£w S¬ aÕy-amWv tiJ-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. Bkn-b³ cmjv{S-§-fnÂ\n-¶m-Is« 15 e£w S¬.  C´y-bn-te¡v Bkn-b³ cmjv{S-§-fnÂ\n-¶pÅ hne-Ip-dª aÕy-bn-\-§-fpsS {]f-b-¯n\v hgn-sbm-cp-¡p-¶p. Nne-a-Õy-bn-\-§Ä kwc-£n-X-¸-«n-I-bn-ep-s­¶v ]d-bp-¶p. F¶m kwkvI-cn-¡-s¸« aÕy-bn-\-§Ä kwc-£n-X-¸-«n-I-bnÂs]-Sn-Ã. Cd-¡p-a-Xn-sN-¿-s¸-Sp¶ aÕy-§Ä \sÃmcp iX-am\w kwkvI-cn-¡-s¸« cq]-¯n-ep-Å-h-bm-Wv. Npcp-¡-¯n {]mtZ-in-I-a-Õy-_Ô\w XI-cp-Ibpw aÕy-_-Ô-\-sXm-gn Dt]-£n-¡-s¸-tS-­n-h-cp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-Xnsâ {]Xym-LmXw km¼-¯n-I-ta-J-e-bn am{X-am-bn-cn-¡n-Ã.

Bdp-hÀjw \o­ hne-t]-i-ep-IÄs¡m-Sp-hn C´ybv¡v Iog-S-t§-­n-h¶p F¶-XmWv Npcp-¡w. 1460 C\-§Ä kwc-£n-X-]-«n-I-bn s]Sp-¯-W-sa¶v hmZn-¨p-Xp-S-§nb NÀ¨-IÄs¡m-Sp-hn 489 C\-§Äam-{X-amWv Cu ]«n-I-bnÂs]Sp-¯m-\m-b-Xv. Cu C\-§-fpsS icm-icn Cd-¡p-aXn Xocp-h-bm-Is« 30% BWp-Xm-\pw.

C³^Àta-j³ sSIvt\m-fPn tkm^vävshbÀ A\p-_Ô Dev]-¶-§Ä Ch Hgn-hm¡n cq]-s¸« IcmÀ F´v ktµ-i-amWv C´y-bnse sXmgn cln-XÀ¡v \ÂIp-¶-sX¶v hyà-am-Wv. tkh\þ\n-t£] taJ-e-Isf am{Xw e£yw h¨p-sIm­pw ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-sIm­pw Icp-¸n-Sn-¸n¨ Cu IcmÀ tZml-h-«-¨À¨-IÄ¡p-ap-¼p-Xs¶ H¸p-sh-¨-Xnsâ Imc-Whpw hyà-am-Wv. bp ]n F kÀ¡m-cnsâ s]mXp-k-ao-]\w hyà-am-¡p-I-bmWv CXn-eqsS. 2010 apX 2019 hsc-bpÅ Ime-L«w tIc-f-N-cn-{X-¯nse Ccp-­-\m-fp-I-fm-bn-cn-¡pw. \mw ad-¡m³ B{K-ln-¡p¶ IÀjI Bß-l-Xy-I-fp-tSbpw km¼-¯n-I-X-IÀ¨-bp-tSbpw BhÀ¯-\w. tIc-f-¯nsâ ImÀjn-I-{]-Xn-kÔn ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb bp²-Im-em-Sn-Øm-\-¯nepw ZoÀL-Im-em-SnØm\-¯n-epapÅ ]²-Xn-IÄ Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cWØm]-\-§-fpsS ]n´p-W-bn km£m-Xv¡-cn¨v XpS-§p¶ L«-¯n Ccp-«-Sn-t]msesb¯p¶ Icm-dn-s\-Xnsc AXn-i-àhpw _rl-¯p--amb _lp-P-\-ap-t¶äw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-h-cp-¶p. Zpc-´-Im-e¯v hnem-]-KoXw Be-]n-¡p-I-bà hn]-¯ns\ Hgn-hm-¡m-\pÅ hn]Znss[cyw BÀPn-¡-emWv tIc-f-k-aq-l-¯nsâ ASn-b-´c IS-a. cmjv{So-b-`n-¶-X-Itfm Bi-b-`n-¶-X-Itfm A{]-k-à-am-Ip-s¶mcp \nÀWm-bI-L-«-¯nse Gähpw DNn-X-am-sbmcp Nph-Sp-h-bv¸mbn 2009 se KmÔn-P-b-´n-Zn-\-¯n krjvSn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ a\p-jy-¨-§e Ncn-{X-¯n-enSw tXSp-¶Xv A§-s\bmbncn¡pw.